1. Physical Chemistry (भौतिक रसायनशास्त्र)

1.1 Basic Concepts of Chemistry: This chapter is the foundation for JEE and NEET. It focuses on how we measure atoms and molecules.

A. The Mole Concept (मोल संकल्पना)

A mole is just a number. Just like 1 dozen = 12 items,

1 mole =

6.022 \times 10^{23}

particles.

English Term	Marathi Meaning	Description
Atomic Mass	अणुवस्तुमान	Mass of a single atom (amu)
Molar Mass	मोलर वस्तुमान	Mass of 1 mole of substance (grams)
Avogadro Number ( $N_A$ )	ॲव्होगाड्रो संख्या	$6.022 \times 10^{23}$

Important Formulas:

1. Number of moles (

n

) =

\frac{\text{Given Mass (w)}}{\text{Molar Mass (M)}}

2. Number of moles (

n

) =

\frac{\text{Given Particles (N)}}{N_A}

3. Volume of Gas at STP =

n \times 22.4

Litres

B. Stoichiometry (स्टोइचिओमेट्री)

It helps us calculate the amount of reactants and products in a balanced reaction.

Step 1: Balance the chemical equation (समीकरण संतुलित करा).
Step 2: Use the mole ratio from coefficients.

JEE/NEET Tip: Limiting Reagent (मर्यादित अभिक्रियाकारक)
The reactant which gets finished first in a reaction. The product amount depends 100% on this reagent.

C. Concentration Terms (द्रावणाची संहती)

Molarity (M) =

\frac{\text{Moles of Solute}}{\text{Volume of Solution (L)}}

Molality (m) =

\frac{\text{Moles of Solute}}{\text{Mass of Solvent (kg)}}

*Note: Molality is temperature independent!

1. Physical Chemistry (भौतिक रसायनशास्त्र)

A. The Mole Concept (मोल संकल्पना)

Important Formulas:

B. Stoichiometry (स्टोइचिओमेट्री)

C. Concentration Terms (द्रावणाची संहती)

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